ABSTRACT Post-truth, understood as a turn from collective sense and judgment to nonpublic forms of epistemic justification, is a distinctly rhetorical problem. This article offers, in response, a theorization of knowledge making as the means by which affective and material impingements upon bodies become publicly legible and rhetorically available. For this, the author turns, perhaps unexpectedly, to John Locke. Locke’s works offer the foundations of an empirical theory of rhetoric that embraces the sensible realm not as a conduit to reality (...) but as a space where social connection becomes possible. Locke engages this realm through natural historical inquiry. Tracing this inquiry to his commonplacing practices, the author presents the rhetorical-dialectical topics as a basis for the shared sense and judgment that he pursued and that post-truth demands. The topics, this article argues, guide and enlarge the senses, forming objects of knowledge with which to sustain public life—objects about which plural truths are possible. (shrink)

This book will facilitate clinicians' efforts to select the most appropriate patients for their particular approaches to therapy, which will in turn reduce ...

Lying in an area bounded by the Wabash, Ohio, and Mississippi rivers, the Southern Illinois country is rich in history, folklore, scenery, and natural resources. At about the latitude of southern Virginia, and extending from the flat prairie farmland of central Illinois to the rugged "Illinois Ozarks,” the area is the natural terminal boundary for hundreds of plant species reaching out to all points of the compass. It is also the oldest and most sparsely populated part of Illinois, a region (...) of small towns and independent people, typical of the vast heartland of the U.S.A. Surveying the area in words and pictures the authors sensitively and appreciatively portray the region’s special qualities. An uncommon portrayal of American life in a distinctive region, the book provides a memorable journey both in time and place. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Vagaries and Vicissitudes of WarRichard W Sams III remember standing in the kitchen of our home on Camp Pendleton—a United States Marine Corps base in Southern California—listening to National Public Radio (NPR) and doing dishes in the fall of 2002. President Bush announced to the world that he was considering a pre-emptive invasion of Iraq on the pretext of Saddam Hussein harboring weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Three (...) months later, as a Navy Family Physician, I deployed with a surgical company in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Reflecting on the situation with a like-minded close friend, I was not sure— would this be a just war? A necessary war? In my mind, it did not rise to the level of conscientious objection, yet the rightness of invading another country with all the anticipated death and destruction was not clear.En route to Kuwait, we laid over in Spain. While fixed to a TV in a holding area, I watched the Secretary of State make a case to the United Nations (UN) and the world that removing Hussein from power would protect us from mobile anthrax labs that could kill tens of thousands. I thought to myself, Either he is absolutely right, and we are protecting our country and the rest of the free world, or he is terribly mistaken and we are embarking on a disaster.As we trained, prepared, and waited in our tents to invade, we listened to the news on “Voice of America” with a hand crank radio. Thousands of citizens from nations around the world protested. Pope John Paul II, a man well acquainted with the tragedy of war, even spoke out about the planned invasion. “War is not inevitable. It is always a defeat for humanity.” He admonished our leaders that war needed to be the very last option. As a man of faith, I was troubled by his resolute, thoughtful opposition to the crusade I was embarking on. As the day of the invasion approached, scud missiles flew over our camp and we scurried into bunkers, day and night, with our gas masks donned to protect us from possible WMD attacks. In March, with the announcement of a “shock and awe” missile attack on Hussein’s palace, the invasion commenced.Within a day of flying by helicopter into enemy territory to set up a surgical company, the fog of war set in. A series of mass casualties streamed in from nearby Nasiriya. We received dozens of injured enemy combatants and American soldiers. Most troubling were the civilians. An entire extended family fleeing for their lives stumbled into an Iraqi minefield meant for us: a mother dead, the men with shrapnel wounds, and an aunt lost both of her legs. Then there was the little boy. By doctrine, our leaders reassured us we would not care for children. Yet, out of instinct, the field corpsmen scooped up all injured, including children, and [End Page 170] brought them to us. The five-year-old’s legs were blown to bits. We had no pediatric supplies. The anesthesiologist heroically intubated the child’s tiny airway with a urinary catheter and placed an adult IV. The surgeons corrected the wounds the best they could. Hours later, in futility, we performed chest compressions on his tiny mangled body.A day later, the worst sandstorm in a decade struck the area. We struggled to keep the patient-filled tents erect. A Marine appeared on the scene out of the darkness (you could not see beyond your nose in the storm) exclaiming we were going to condition one—lock and load our weapons due to an imminent threat. As healthcare professionals, Geneva Conventions dictated we were to use weapons only in self-defense. We chambered our 9-millimeter pistols to defend our patients and ourselves while Marines formed a defensive perimeter. I thought to myself, Great I’m gonna be shot up and die during a freaking sandstorm in Iraq. Hours later, we were told to stand down. The threat was not from approaching enemy combatants but from shepherds running from the crossfire. I had a small nervous breakdown, sleep deprived and under duress... (shrink)

Le monde se révèle à l'homme, comme matière, temps et esprit. L'on sait à présent que considérés dans l'espace et le temps, la terre est d'une extrême petitesse et l'homme un être éphémère. Une conception du monde qui prendrait l'homme pour centre et partirait de lui ne donnerait donc aucune garantie de probabilité. Pourtant elle est assez générale, accoutumés comme nous sommes à juger d'après les perceptions grossières des sens, qui trop souvent nous induisent en erreur. Selon les physiciens, la (...) formule mathématique réunissant les coördonnées du temps et de l'espace, serait la plus conforme à la représentation du monde matériel. Nous avançons ici l'hypothèse que le monde matériel répond effectivement à cette conception, et qu'il est donc un monde plongé dans un repos éternel, dans lequel nous voyageons, pour ainsi dire, avec notre temps. Grâce à cette hypothèse, la causalité, le miracle, la prévoyance de l'avenir, s'expliquent plausiblement. Manifestement le troisième principe, l'esprit, est à la fois en interaction avec la matière et indépendante d'elle (p.e. la télépathie). Cette action réciproque suppose une parenté partielle entre l'esprit et la matière. C'est pourquoi nous proposons une seconde hypothèse: l'esprit est une "facies" de la matière qui reste en dehors de la rigidité du monde considéré comme espace et temps. On a toujours considéré ces éléments spirituels comme étant des êtres spirituels, mais leur aspect anthropomorphique nous empêche de croire à leur existence réelle. Si nous identifions la partie spirituelle du corps humain avec l'homme spirituel, le problème du libre arbitre s'explique avec clarté. Seul le procès spirituel du libre arbitre est vraiment libre, mais la volonté ne peut réaliser aucun changement dans la substance purement matérielle. La conception d'une àme se logeant dans le corps matériel comme dans une maison, et qui par ses actions détermine sa demeure future ne s'accorde pas avec l'hypothèse du monde matériel-et-temporel-en-repos. Suivant nos conceptions humaines, nous avons imaginé des êtres spirituels animés d'une volonté libre. Mais alors il faut supposer une unité spirituelle supérieure, qui considère et qui décide. Or, cette conception étant anthropomorphique il est admissible qu'elle soit la véritable figuration du monde. La solution de ce problème pourrait être trouvée par une troisième hypothèse" selon laquelle il existerait un monde supérieur, dans lequel le monde-du-temps-et-de-l'espace fusionne avec un temps supérieur, auquel le nom de "temps spirituel" serait approprié. Seul, ce monde supérieur plongé dans un repos éternel peut nous expliquer d'une façon convaincante l'univers. Un monde d'une essence et d'une invariabilité éternelles, dans lequel le temps, capable d'agir pas des voies infiniment variées, introduit des événements innombrables, les processus spirituels étant effectués par le temps spirituel, les événements matériels par ce que nous sommes habitués à appeler "le temps". (shrink)

Paul Ricoeur and the Lived Body’s explorations into the ethical, social, cultural, and affective dimensions of our corporeal existence draw on Paul Ricoeur’s reflection on the lived body. Starting with the fact that one’s own body is irreducible to an object, these essays critically contribute to discourses on the body.

In After the Rights Revolution, Cass Sunstein confronts the ?Chicago? intellectual tradition on the effects of government regulation. While recognizing the many failures of regulation, Sunstein argues that most regulation serves a potentially useful purpose and that the courts can be relied on to correct the worst regulatory failures. He offers a dizzying array of prescriptions to ensure this outcome, many of which would appear to run afoul of clear congressional intent. In a more recent book, Breaking the Vicious Circle, (...) Stephen Breyer offers a different diagnosis. He sees health?safety?environmental regulation as essentially out of control because of the ?vicious circle? created by irrational and ineffective government responses to the public's concern about the risk of exposure to carcinogens. Breyer does not believe that this vicious circle of excessive and irrational regulation can be broken by the courts. Instead, he suggests the creation of an elite bureaucratic corps with the mission of proposing more effective and less costly approaches to controlling threats to human health. (shrink)

Contents: Stephen White: Opuscula and Opera in the Catalogue of Theophrastus' Works Han Baltussen: Theophrastean Echoes? The De Sensibus in the Platonic and Aristotelian Tradition Pamela M. Huby: Arabic Evidence about Theophrastus' De Sensibus Todd Ganson: A Puzzle Concerning the Aristotelian Notion of a Medium of Sense-Perception Istvan M. Bodnar: Theophrastus' De igne: Orthodoxy, Reform and Readjustment in the Doctrine of Elements Georg Wohrle: Ps-Aristoteles De Coloribus -aA Theophrastean Opusculum? David Sider: On On Signs - R.A.H. King: Nutrition and Fatigue (...) Amneris Roselli: Greek Medical Theories of Fatigue Sabine Vogt: Theophrast, De Vertigine Armelle Debru: La sueur des corps: le De sudore de Theophraste face a la tradition medicale John Dillon: Theophrastus' Critique of the Old Academy in the Metaphysics H. Takahashi: Syriac Fragments of Theophrastean Meteorology and Mineralogy Index Contributors and Editors. (Franz Steiner 2002). (shrink)

Paul Ricœur’s recourse to the metahistorical categories, space of experience and horizon of expectation, invites an inquiry into geography’s role as the guarantor of history. The ontology of the flesh provides the first indication of how one’s body is implicated in the sense of one’s place in the world. In turn, narrative inscriptions of events on the landscape transform the physical topography of a place into an array of sites where memories of ancestral wisdom and historical traumas endure. By anchoring (...) historians’ representations of the past in the places and locales in which events took place, geography constructs a third space analogous to the third time of history. The aporias engendered by the phenomenology of time, however, have no equivalent in the phenomenology of space. The dissymmetry between the dialectic that informs the discourse of space and the one that informs the discourse of time thus keeps in place the reciprocal relation between geography and historiography. (shrink)

Le monde se révèle à l'homme, comme matière, temps et esprit. L'on sait à présent que considérés dans l'espace et le temps, la terre est d'une extrême petitesse et l'homme un être éphémère. Une conception du monde qui prendrait l'homme pour centre et partirait de lui ne donnerait donc aucune garantie de probabilité. Pourtant elle est assez générale, accoutumés comme nous sommes à juger d'après les perceptions grossières des sens, qui trop souvent nous induisent en erreur. Selon les physiciens, la (...) formule mathématique réunissant les coördonnées du temps et de l'espace, serait la plus conforme à la représentation du monde matériel. Nous avançons ici l'hypothèse que le monde matériel répond effectivement à cette conception, et qu'il est donc un monde plongé dans un repos éternel, dans lequel nous voyageons, pour ainsi dire, avec notre temps. Grâce à cette hypothèse, la causalité, le miracle, la prévoyance de l'avenir, s'expliquent plausiblement. Manifestement le troisième principe, l'esprit, est à la fois en interaction avec la matière et indépendante d'elle. Cette action réciproque suppose une parenté partielle entre l'esprit et la matière. C'est pourquoi nous proposons une seconde hypothèse: l'esprit est une "facies" de la matière qui reste en dehors de la rigidité du monde considéré comme espace et temps. On a toujours considéré ces éléments spirituels comme étant des êtres spirituels, mais leur aspect anthropomorphique nous empêche de croire à leur existence réelle. Si nous identifions la partie spirituelle du corps humain avec l'homme spirituel, le problème du libre arbitre s'explique avec clarté. Seul le procès spirituel du libre arbitre est vraiment libre, mais la volonté ne peut réaliser aucun changement dans la substance purement matérielle. La conception d'une àme se logeant dans le corps matériel comme dans une maison, et qui par ses actions détermine sa demeure future ne s'accorde pas avec l'hypothèse du monde matériel-et-temporel-en-repos. Suivant nos conceptions humaines, nous avons imaginé des êtres spirituels animés d'une volonté libre. Mais alors il faut supposer une unité spirituelle supérieure, qui considère et qui décide. Or, cette conception étant anthropomorphique il est admissible qu'elle soit la véritable figuration du monde. La solution de ce problème pourrait être trouvée par une troisième hypothèse" selon laquelle il existerait un monde supérieur, dans lequel le monde-du-temps-et-de-l'espace fusionne avec un temps supérieur, auquel le nom de "temps spirituel" serait approprié. Seul, ce monde supérieur plongé dans un repos éternel peut nous expliquer d'une façon convaincante l'univers. Un monde d'une essence et d'une invariabilité éternelles, dans lequel le temps, capable d'agir pas des voies infiniment variées, introduit des événements innombrables, les processus spirituels étant effectués par le temps spirituel, les événements matériels par ce que nous sommes habitués à appeler "le temps". (shrink)

본고는 반성에 대한 리오타르의 후기 저작 두 가지를 논한다. 리오타르는 그의 칸트 독해에서 반성 개념에 대해 논한 바 있다. 본고는 그 중 칸트의 숭고미에 대하여 를 리오타르의 보다 이전의 저술인 비인간 에 포함된 에세이, “Si l’on peut penser sans corps” 와 관련하여 논한다. 이는 칸트의 반성에 대한 리오타르의 보다 자세한 논의인 칸트의 숭고미에 대하여 를 보다 넓은 차원에서 이해하고자 하는 시도이다. 이를 위해 본고는 후기 리오타르 사상에서 주요하게 등장하는, 사유와 신체 모두와 연관을 맺는 정념 개념에 주목한다.

I wish to defend the claim that given the content and structure of any moral theory we are likely to find palatable, there is no way of uniquely breaking down that theory into either consequentialist or deontological elements. Indeed, once we examine the actual structure of any such theory more closely, we see that it can be classified in either way arbitrarily. Hence if we ignore the metaethical pronouncements often made by adherents of the consequentialist-deontological distinction, we are quickly led (...) to the conclusion that this distinction contributes nothing of consequence to an understanding of moral theory. I will try to show that there are basically two reasons for this. First, what we mean by the terms endemic to the consequentialist-deontological distinction have no unique references to particular states of affairs in actual cases of moral decision making. Hence we may justify any such concrete moral decision by reference to typically consequentialist or deontological reasoning indifferently. Second, scrutiny of actual and viable moral theories reveals a much finer-grained structure than the consequentialist-deontological taxonomy can capture. And it is this structure, rather than simple attention to consequences or principles, that determines practical moral decision making. We would thus do better to develop the richer vocabulary of causes and constituents, goals and effects, states and events (mental, social, or physical). So in the end, the consequentialist-deontological distinction is irrelevant at the normative level of actual moral reasoning, whereas at the metaethical level it crudely schematizes two opposing types of dummy theory, neither of which is convincing, upon reflection, to any practicing moral philosopher. (shrink)

Im Zentrum des Bandes steht die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie im Kontext der mittelalterlichen Rezeption der Texte des Aristoteles an Hof und Universitäten, insbesondere der für die Epistemologie einschlägigen Passagen in "De anima" und in den "Zweiten Analytiken" sowie ihre spätantike und arabische Vermittlung. In diesem komplexen Rezeptions- und vor allem Transformationsprozeß werden zugleich die wissenschaftlichen und gesellschaftlich-institutionellen Grundlagen für den okzidentalen Prozeß der Rationalisierung und Aufklärung gelegt, deren "Dialektik" nicht nur die Geschichte Europas bis zum (...) heutigen Tag bestimmt. (shrink)

À la suite d’un séjour au Chili sous le régime d’A. Pinochet, W. Cavanaugh élabore une théologie politique à partir d’une ecclésiologie sacramentaire qui souligne que la liturgie eucharistique réalise le corps sacramentel du Christ comme corps de salut dans le corps social. L’article discute de l’intérêt théologique de cette approche du point de vue de la visibilité politique du corps ecclésial.

A book review of Elizabeth Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993). I will pass over her compelling critiques of cost-benefit analysis, rational desire theory, and "consequentialist" moral theories, among many topics she dispatches successfully, with fierce intelligence and wit. Instead I want to focus on the central justificatory strategy that underpins her defense of her pluralist, nonconsequentialist, rational attitude theory of value. Anderson states at the outset that she is not that interested in such (...) metaethical questions as whether value judgments express beliefs or emotions or other attitudes (p. xiii). But I think her own answers to these questions might have implications for normative and pragmatic issues of concern to her. So I want to try tinkering with the metaethical arguments in ways that might streamline her treatment of the normative and pragmatic ones somewhat. (shrink)

Separated and immediate extensions of valued fields. The notion of separated extension of valued fields was introduced by Baur. He showed that extensions of maximal fields are separated. We prove that, when (K, v) is Henselian with residual characteristic 0, then $(K, v) \subset (L, w)$ is separated iff L is linearly disjoint over K from each immediate extension of K.

Recent scholarship (Goodwin & Darley, 2008) on the meta-ethical debate between objectivism and relativism has found people to be mixed: they are objectivists about some issues, but relativists about others. The studies discussed here sought to explore this further. Study 1 explored whether giving people the ability to identify moral issues for themselves would reveal them to be more globally objectivist. Study 2 explored people's meta-ethical commitments more deeply, asking them to provide verbal explanations for their judgments. This revealed that (...) while people think they are relativists, this may not always be the case. The explanations people gave were sometimes rated by outside (blind) coders as being objective, even when given a relativist response. Nonetheless, people remained meta-ethical pluralists. Why this might be is discussed. (shrink)

Separated and immediate extensions of valued fields. The notion of separated extension of valued fields was introduced by Baur. He showed that extensions of maximal fields are separated. We prove that, when $(K, v)$ is Henselian with residual characteristic 0, then $(K, v) \subset (L, w)$ is separated iff $L$ is linearly disjoint over $K$ from each immediate extension of $K$.

This collection of new essays examines philosophical issues at the intersection of feminism and autonomy studies. Are autonomy and independence useful goals for women and subordinate persons? Is autonomy possible in contexts of social subordination? Is the pursuit of desires that issue from patriarchal norms consistent with autonomous agency? How do emotions and caring relate to autonomous deliberation? Contributors to this collection answer these questions and others, advancing central debates in autonomy theory by examining basic components, normative commitments, and applications (...) of conceptions of autonomy. Several chapters look at the conditions necessary for autonomous agency and at the role that values and norms -- such as independence, equality, inclusivity, self-respect, care and femininity -- play in feminist theories of autonomy. Whereas some contributing authors focus on dimensions of autonomy that are internal to the mind -- such as deliberative reflection, desires, cares, emotions, self-identities and feelings of self-worth -- several authors address social conditions and practices that support or stifle autonomous agency, often answering questions of practical import. These include such questions as: What type of gender socialization best supports autonomous agency and feminist goals? When does adapting to severely oppressive circumstances, such as those in human trafficking, turn into a loss of autonomy? How are ideals of autonomy affected by capitalism? and How do conceptions of autonomy inform issues in bioethics, such as end-of-life decisions, or rights to bodily self-determination? (shrink)

Young children are prolific question-askers. The growing ubiquity of voice interfaces (e.g., Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa), as well as the availability of voice input in search fields, now make it possible for children to ask questions via Internet search when they are able to speak clearly, but before they have learned to read and write, typically between 3 and 6 years of age. The prevalence of voice search makes it important to understand children’s changing conceptions of digital devices as a (...) source of information and the role of technology-mediated question-asking in development. While limited research has focused on young children's use of voice interfaces, reviewing two related bodies of literature sheds light on how this use might unfold. This paper brings together studies of how children look for information, and of how they perceive and understand the informational and social roles of technology, drawing on human-computer interaction research. We conclude by highlighting lines of questioning for future work on younger children’s interaction through voice search. (shrink)

What is the function of new neurons entering the olfactory bulb? Many insights regarding the molecular control of adult neurogenesis have been uncovered, but the purpose of new neurons entering the olfactory bulb has been difficult to ascertain. Here, studies investigating the role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory discrimination in mice are reviewed. Studies in which adult neurogenesis is affected are highlighted, with a focus on the role of environment enrichment and what happens during ageing. There is evidence for a (...) role of adult neurogenesis in fine discrimination tasks, as underscored by studies that enhance adult neurogenesis. This is also observed in ageing studies, where older mice with reduced levels of adult neurogenesis perform poorly in olfactory discrimination. Differences in methodology that could account for alternative conclusions, and the importance of specificity in methods being used to investigate the effect of adult neurogenesis in olfactory performance are emphasized. (shrink)

This paper addresses the teaching of citizenship in schools and focuses on the monarchy as an example of one issue often ignored within curriculum discourse. We argue that to conflate subjecthood and citizenship in unacknowledged ways may serve to perpetuate the status quo and is potentially unhelpful to the development of young people's critical thinking.